Composite vs. Amalgam Fillings: Which Is Better?

When a dentist says you need a filling, most people focus on just one thing. Getting the cavity fixed. What often comes next is a question they were not expecting. What type of filling do you want?

That is usually when confusion starts. Composite filling. Amalgam filling. Tooth-colored. Silver. Stronger. Better looking. Longer lasting. Everyone seems to have an opinion, and it can feel overwhelming if you are not sure what any of it really means.

The truth is, neither option is automatically better for every tooth or every person. Both composite and amalgam fillings have their place. The right choice depends on the tooth, the size of the cavity, how you chew, and sometimes even your personal comfort level.

Why are fillings not one-size-fits-all?

A dental filling is meant to do a few basic things. It removes decay, seals the tooth, restores strength, and allows you to chew without pain. Both composite and amalgam fillings can do this job well when used in the right situation.

Problems usually happen when the wrong material is used for the wrong reason. That is why understanding the difference matters more than simply choosing what sounds better.

What are amalgam fillings?

Amalgam fillings have been used for a very long time. Chances are, if you had fillings as a child, they were probably amalgam. These fillings are made from a blend of metals that harden quickly and create a very strong restoration.

One of the biggest advantages of amalgam is durability. These fillings hold up extremely well under pressure, especially in back teeth that do most of the chewing. They are also less sensitive to moisture during placement, which can be helpful in certain situations.

The downside is obvious. They are silver in color. You can see them when you open your mouth, and over time, they may darken even more. Some patients do not mind this at all. Others really do.

What are composite fillings and how do they work?

Composite fillings are made from a resin material that is matched to the color of your natural tooth. Once placed, they blend in, which is why many people prefer them, especially for teeth that show when they smile.

One important difference is how composite fillings attach to the tooth. They bond directly to the enamel and dentin. Because of this, dentists often do not need to remove as much healthy tooth structure. That bonding also helps support the remaining tooth.

Composite materials have improved a lot over the years. They are stronger, more reliable, and more versatile than they used to be. Many teeth that once would have needed amalgam can now be restored with composite instead.

How does appearance affect the decision?

For many patients, appearance plays a big role. Composite fillings look natural. They are hard to notice. For front teeth or teeth that show when you talk or laugh, this is usually the deciding factor.

Amalgam fillings are visible. Some people are perfectly fine with that, especially if the filling is in a molar that no one sees. Others prefer a natural look even in the back of the mouth.

There is no right or wrong preference here. It comes down to what you are comfortable with.

Strength and wear over time.

Amalgam fillings are known for their strength. They handle heavy chewing forces very well and often last many years. This is why they have been trusted for so long.

Composite fillings are also strong, but their performance depends more on placement, size, and location. A small to moderate composite filling can last a long time. Very large fillings in the back teeth may experience more wear.

That does not mean composite is weak. It just means the dentist has to consider how much pressure that tooth takes and how much natural structure is left.

How much natural tooth can be saved?

This is an area many patients do not think about, but it matters.

Amalgam fillings do not bond to the tooth. That means the dentist sometimes has to remove extra tooth structure to create a shape that holds the filling in place.

Composite fillings bond directly to the tooth. Because of that, dentists can often be more conservative. Preserving healthy tooth structure helps maintain strength over time and may reduce the risk of cracks later.

Sensitivity after fillings

Some sensitivity after a filling is normal, regardless of the material used. This is especially true if the cavity was deep.

Amalgam fillings can expand and contract slightly with temperature changes. Over many years, this movement may contribute to sensitivity or stress in the tooth.

Composite fillings usually cause less temperature-related movement, but they can still cause short-term sensitivity. In most cases, this fades within a few days or weeks.

Concerns about mercury and materials

Amalgam fillings contain mercury, which raises concerns for some patients. Extensive research has shown that amalgam fillings are considered safe for most people. Still, some patients prefer to avoid them for personal or health-related reasons.

Composite fillings do not contain mercury and are often chosen by patients who want metal-free restorations. This choice is usually based on comfort and preference rather than medical necessity.

Cost differences

Amalgam fillings are usually less expensive. Composite fillings tend to cost more because of the materials and the technique required to place them.

Insurance coverage varies. Some plans cover both equally, while others may cover amalgam more fully. This can influence the decision, especially when multiple fillings are needed.

So which one is actually better?

The honest answer is neither is universally better.

Composite fillings are often a great choice for visible teeth, smaller cavities, and patients who want a natural appearance. Amalgam fillings may still be appropriate for large cavities in back teeth where strength is the top priority.

The best filling is the one that fits your specific situation, not the one that sounds better online.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Are composite fillings strong enough for back teeth?

A: Yes, in many cases. The size of the cavity and your bite habits matter more than the material alone.

Q: Do amalgam fillings last longer than composite fillings?

A: Both can last many years. Longevity depends on oral hygiene, cavity size, and chewing forces.

Q: Can old amalgam fillings be replaced with composite?

A: They can be, but replacement should be based on need, not appearance alone.

Q: Do composite fillings stain?

A: They can discolor slightly over time, especially with coffee or tobacco use, but regular cleanings help.

Final thoughts

Choosing between composite and amalgam fillings is not about picking a winner. It is about choosing what works best for your tooth, your bite, and your comfort level.

Both materials are reliable when used properly. A good dentist considers the whole picture before recommending one over the other. When you understand the reasoning behind the choice, it becomes much easier to feel confident about your treatment.

If you are unsure which option is right for you, a conversation with your dentist can help clarify things and remove the guesswork from the decision.